12、结构-GOLANG

我们目前学的数据收集器都是针对同种类型而言，但是在实际编程中需要吧不同类型的数据综合到一起，比如一个人，姓名，年龄等等各个方面，数据类型不同就需要好几个数组或者切片之类的，明显不合适

声明结构

curiosity:好奇,在例子里代表一个探测器，lat与long代表探索的经纬度

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import "fmt"

func main() {
	var curiosity struct {
		lat  float64
		long float64
	}
	curiosity.lat = -4.5859//采用结构体.属性名的方式赋予属性值
	curiosity.long = 137.4417
	fmt.Println(curiosity.lat)
	fmt.Println(curiosity.long)
}

类型复用结构

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package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	type location struct {//声明struct的类型别名location，location类型有两个属性
		lat  float64
		long float64
	}
	var spirit location//声明location类型的变量，改变量自动继承location的两个属性
	spirit.lat = -14.5684
	spirit.long = 175.4722636

	var opportunity location
	opportunity.lat = -1.9462
	opportunity.long = 354.4734

	fmt.Println(spirit, opportunity)
}

复合字面量初始化结构

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package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	type location struct{ lat, long float64 }
	opportunity := location{lat: -14.5684, long: 175.4722636}
	fmt.Println(opportunity)

	insight := location{3.14159, 4.13159}
	fmt.Println(insight)
}

结构被复制

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package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	type location struct{ lat, long float64 }
	opportunity := location{lat: -14.5684, long: 175.4722636}
	
	curiosity := opportunity

	curiosity.lat = 1.111111
	fmt.Println(opportunity, curiosity)//opportunity数据没有变化说明新结构是被复制过来的
}

image-20230310151913570

由结构组成的切片

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package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

	type location struct {
		name string
		lat  float64
		long float64
	}

	locations := []location{ //声明一个location类型的切片
		{name: "Bradbury Landing", lat: -4.5895, long: 137.4417},
		{name: "Columbia Memorial Station", lat: -14.5684, long: 175.472636},
		{name: "Challenger Memorial Station", lat: -1.9462, long: 354.4734},
	}
	fmt.Println(locations)
}